Revision Essential Strategies and Techniques

Revision Essential Strategies and Techniques Excellent Tips on Revision Almost everyone knows how important revision is. The majority of students are very diligent about it, but it does not always work out as planned. As is the case with every aspect of ones endeavors at study, it is important to plan revision time in advance and make sure the time available is well-organized. Revision serves the following purposes:To ensure you understand the subject matter or topic you are being examined on To ensure everything you have learnt is committed to memory To get some practice in developing study plans and answering exam questions.In order to do this, you need to put your notes in order e.g. any essay notes, class handouts, and so on. These should be arranged into cohesive and convenient sets. This article offers tips on:creating revision plans ensuring revision is productive effective techniques continual revision, e.g., throughout every term and continuously during the year.Creating Revision Plans As with many things, the key to success is good planning. Here is some useful advice:Draft a timetable for revision activities It is best to begin revising well before exams start 5 or 6 weeks beforehand at least. Set realistic goals according to the time available to you and do not forget to include periodic breaks. Look at revision tasks and balancethem Divide your topics up and allocate them to particular days, making sure there is plenty time for all revision tasks. Look at the available time and balance it out between your different subjects and/or courses. Try not to be neglectful about subjects you find especially difficult or easy. Identify all main subjects or topics Work out which subjects or topics need revising for every course. As an absolute minimum, you should aim to cover double the number of topics, as there are questions to be answered e.g. eight topics for a four-question exam. Topics should be chosen according to: A particular courses content Your particular abilities and areas of interest Previous test papers Organize all revision materials Most students collect a myriad of notes from lectures, seminars and classes as well as from textbooks and academic journals. Additionally, you may have reference materials, handouts and photocopied texts to go back over. On top of all this, you will need past test papers, course books, and so on. All these materials should be well organized in good time.Making Sure Revision is Productive Techniques The three main methods of revision are:Taking and/or making notes Committing to memory Writing model or practice answers.The next section looks at each of these methods separately: Taking or Making Notes Please refer to the Taking/Making Notes section on our writing services website for more in-depth information on this activity. During each academic term and indeed throughout the entire year, students usually take a lot of notes from various lectures, classes, seminars, and reading materials. Now that it is time for revision, your primary goal is to find the best ways to memorize these notes:Physically arrange all notes in a logical, clear and sensible way so that you can easily navigate your way through them. Next, read through all your notes, highlight key words and phrases, and mark out important themes. Make up a color code system whereby you allocate specific colors to particular themes or topics. Color association is a good way for memorizing material and compartmentalizing it in the mind. Rewrite your notes in more concise form, narrowing the content down into portions that are easier to manage and digest. Your goal should be to condense each set of topic notes so that they fit on an index-size card. This transforms notes into a memory aid rather than several pages of information, arguments, facts, and figures. Mind mapping, concept maps, and spider diagrams are useful ways of condensing a myriad of information onto one page. They are also a good aid to visual memory.Remember that less is a lot more where note taking is concerned, at least for the purpose of revision! Committing Material to Memory This is a task that cannot be avoided if you are to do well in your exams. You simply have to be able to remember your course material. Therefore, you need to find an effective way to do this. You may find the following techniques helpful:Look three or maybe four times at your different topic notes. This should help fix them in your memory more so than a one-off approach. Envision certain notes in your minds eye before looking at them. Then, while you are reading, any forgotten material will come to the fore. Another good memorization aid is theCornell approach. With this note-taking system, you simply cover half a page of detailed notes and try to recall the material from key words, phrases, and questions. The mnemonics approach is another method you might want to consider. Here, you take the initials or certain letters from a word or phrase to create memory associations. For instance, if your topic is Shakespeares Most Famous Comedies, you could use the word TALL to memorize some of the names of the great writers works e.g.: T= The Merchant of Venice A= As You Like It L= Loves Labors Lost L= Loves Labors Won Get a mental picture of your subject or topic. Continuing with the example above, you could form a minds eye picture of a Shakespearean character or play you have seen to make associations. Mind mapping, concept mapping, spider diagrams and similar techniques are good for initiating visual stimulation so that points and lists can be remembered more easily. With notes condensed to a compact level, it is usually helpful to look over these at the last minute. However, please note that trying to learn new exam material immediately before an exam is not very helpful because it can cause existing knowledge to be replaced and it can cause the learner to panic and become confused.Writing Model or Practice Answers A key element of revising is writing model or practice answers to expected exam questions. This method helps you memorize materials, improves your critical thinking skills, and provides exam practice. Check out the Essay Writing section of our website and try to condense the process we describe into abbreviated form. You could use the following steps as practice:Undertake an analysis of previous exam questions Look at the way questions are worded in previous examination papers. Can you see the problem, task and/or keywords? Can you tell which approach is required? To work out the precise meaning, try rephrasing the task or question in your own choice of words. Come up with ideas The majority of exam questions require five or six main arguments or points (at least) in their answers. Most times these should be obvious from your reading materials and notes. Otherwise, consider the what, who, when, where and why questions to generate ideas. Noted authors and controversial opinions What is the most prevalent thinking on a particular topic? Does this thinking share any important similarities or developments? Your essay will be much improved if you can briefly sum these up, particularly if they help you figure out your own position. Look at the problem from every angle There are topics that should or can only be viewed from one angle. However, your essay should be better quality and you should get the attention of your examiners if you consider your topic from other perspectives, where appropriate or relevant. Double-check your work Once your draft answers are ready, go back over them checking for mistakes, irrelevancies, and ways to make arguments stronger. Try writing in an exam environment For practice purposes, try writing at the same speed you would in an exam situation. If possible, ask for other peoples opinions on your answers. Your course tutor or friends may be happy to look over your work. Revise Throughout the Entire Year Do not make revision an attempt at the last minute to compensate for previous neglect. It is extremely easy to forget earlier work when topics succeed each other at a rapid pace. It can seem there is little or no time for revision, but you should keep an eye on upcoming exams throughout the entire college year. Write notes so that they are well organized, easy to read, and comprehensible. File and label everything neatly. Maintain reading lists and reference lists. Keep a stock of previous exam papers and questions. Make a note of any outstanding tasks and/or investigative work. Avoid letting work build up. Even when you put time aside for catching up, it might not be possible to get the reading materials you need close to an exam. Read back over your notes from time to time. Use them to get a view of your course as it is at any given point. Create links between what has already been taught and what is still outstanding. End-of-course lectures are a good way of getting last-minute tips and advice.If you find any particular element of your course especially confusing, take time to review textbooks, previous exam papers, and notes. Look at your course in its entirety and try to put everything into perspective. Talking to your tutors and attending introductory courses and lectures can also help.

Death as a Theme in Hamlet

Death as a Theme in Hamlet Death permeates Hamlet right from the opening scene of the play, where the ghost of Hamlet’s father introduces the idea of death and its consequences. The ghost represents a disruption to the accepted social order – a theme also reflected in the volatile socio-political state of Denmark and Hamlet’s own indecision. This disorder has been triggered by the unnatural death of Denmarks figurehead, soon followed by a raft of murder, suicide, revenge and accidental deaths. Hamlet is fascinated by death throughout the play. Deeply rooted in his character, this obsession with death is likely a product of his grief. Hamlets Preoccupation With Death Hamlet’s most direct consideration of death comes in Act 4, Scene 3. His almost morbid obsession with the idea is revealed when asked by Claudius where he has hidden Polonius’ body. HAMLETAt supper ... Not where he eats, but where a is eaten. A certain convocation of politic worms are e’en at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet. We fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service – two dishes, but to one table. That’s the end. Hamlet is describing the life-cycle of human existence. In other words: we eat in life; we are eaten in death.   Death and the Yorick Scene The frailty of human existence haunts Hamlet throughout the play and it’s a theme he returns to in Act 5, Scene 1: the iconic graveyard scene. Holding the skull of Yorick, the court jester who entertained him as a child, Hamlet ponders the brevity and futility of the human condition and the inevitability of death: HAMLETAlas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio; a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy; he hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and now, how abhorred in my imagination it is! My gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft. Where be your gibes now? Your gambols? Your songs? Your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table on a roar? This sets the scene for Ophelia’s funeral where she too will be returned to the ground. Ophelias Death   Perhaps the most tragic death in Hamlet is one the audience doesnt witness. Ophelias death is reported by Gertrude: Hamlets would-be bride falls from a tree and drowns in a brook. Whether or not her death was a suicide is the subject of much debate among Shakespearean scholars. A sexton suggests as much at her gravesite, to the outrage of Laertes. He and Hamlet then quarrel over who loved Ophelia more, and Gertrude mentions her regret that Hamlet and Ophelia could have been married. Whats perhaps the saddest part of Ophelias death is that Hamlet appeared to drive her to it; had he taken action earlier to avenge his father, perhaps Polonius and she would not have died so tragically. Suicide in Hamlet The idea of suicide also emerges from Hamlet’s preoccupation with death. Although he seems to consider killing himself as an option, he does not act on this idea Similarly, he does not act when he has the opportunity to kill Claudius and avenge the murder of his father in Act 3, Scene 3. Ironically, it is this lack of action on Hamlet’s part that ultimately leads to his death at the end of the play.

ARE HERBAL REMEDIES SAFE AND EFFECTIVE Research Paper - 1

ARE HERBAL REMEDIES SAFE AND EFFECTIVE - Research Paper Example A herbal remedy that relieves inflammation and pain called Chinese Thunder God Vine weakens the immune system. The remedy is famous in for causing osteoporosis. Most of the herbs are ineffective unless their maintenance is in small quantities such as nutmeg and its cooking properties. When the nutmeg herbal is in large quantities, it cause liver failure and can at times lead to death. Many types of herbal remedies line the shelves of health food stores and pharmacies. Most people consider that any drug having the label â€Å"natural† as effective and safe. Herbal remedies have been in existence for a long time. Some of the remedies, even those carrying the natural label, can have serious and powerful negative drug effects in the body. The FDA regulates herbal supplements though not in the same manner it does with medicine of food. Herbal remedies form part of the dietary supplements. Regulations that apply to dietary supplements are not strict as those of drugs and food. Manufacturers of herbal drugs, for example, do no need the approval of the FDA before availing them to the markets. When the herbal remedy gets to the market, it is the duty of FDA to ensure its safety. FDA, however, lacks the capacity and funding to check the standards of the many new drugs. When FDA finds an herbal remedy that is not safe, it issues some requirements or orders to the distributor or manufacturer to remove it from the market (Harte 2-3). Soy provides dietary phytoestrogens that possess weak estrogenic activities. The soy herb treats menopausal symptoms and reduces the levels of cholesterol in the body. A review on the Soya’s effectiveness was done on nine clinical trials to examine the impacts of increasing dietary soy. Nine more trials were done to determine the efficiency of Soy extracts. The review gave a conclusion that neither Soy extracts nor increased

The organisation and its environment. Costa coffee Essay

The organisation and its environment. Costa coffee - Essay Example Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 and initial operations was the supply of coffee beans to coffee shops and small scale vendors. After acquiring a formidable market, the venture was stretched to cover other operations. For many years in the coffee industry, the entrepreneurs behind Costa Coffee realized the demand of coffee beverage was more than the demand for coffee beans and berries. It is at this point that the idea of supplying drinks became more realistic. At the moment the enterprise focuses on the supply of hot drinks, particularly coffee, soft drinks and snacks. The growth of this enterprise has been significant as many branches have been launched across the globe. According to Worthington & Briton (2009) Costa Coffee has become more of a global entity that just a coffee enterprise that was launched in London. From the success story of Costa Coffee many similar companies have been resorting to the strategies applied by Costa coffee in order to achieve their goals. C osta Coffee has several aspects of both its internal and external environment. In its internal environment, operation and structural arrangement makes most of the issues faced in this particular environment. According to Turner (2003) it was hard for the enterprise to open up more than one branch. However, this move was significant as the management of Costa Coffee had the motive of reaching a wider target market. This was only possible through right and proper management that would ensure that all operations and structures are well formulated to suit the resources available for the enterprise. After the launch of another Coffee shop in London, it became easier to open up branches and manage them effectively. However, when it came to cross-border investment the scenario changed since the rules of trade became more complex. In the internal environment, the enterprise had to ensure that they had the right staff to operate in the company, proper management of funds and resources and a strong management team that would ensure continuity of the venture. In the external environment, the main issue was creating a greater competitive advantage over its competitors. This meant that the enterprise had to formulate the best strategy in order to be better than its competitors. Just like any other business venture, competitors create the greatest threat to any new enterprise entry in the corporate environment. For Costa Coffee there was an added advantage as they had started as another venture which had already established a market base. Another significant external market factor was the adherence to the rules of trade in the market. This matter became more complex when the venture had to expand its operations in other countries. The international market has new operational rules and regulations that enterprises need to adhere to. According to Turner (2003) adhering to trade rules and regulations is one external environment factor that any business enterprise is required t o effectively consider. For Costa Coffee regulation inclusions of the hotel and catering industry was mandatory. Communication in any organization is an important factor that should be considered effectively. Communication extends from just the requirements of the internal management system. For example, the general corporate environment has rules and regulations that should be adhered to by all organizations. For this to be effectively implemented there should be a proper communication

Fascism vs Communism Essay Example for Free

Fascism vs Communism Essay All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. † Benito Mussolini I am writing about a host of differences between Italian Fascism and Soviet Communism. Yes, they both are totalitarian regimes, one under Lenin, then Stalin, who, in my opinion takes the cake for worst ever when it comes to the world’s extensive list of dictators, and Mussolini’s Fascist Regime, who ruled from 1922-1945, the last three years serving as a somewhat puppet ruler in northern Italy for Adolph Hitler, before his unfortunate and brutal death at the hands of partisans. Both nations were militarized, both were dictated, both were ruthless and oppressive to political and foreign enemies, and both were aligned to Nazi Germany at one point. But let’s be real, this is where any sort of comparison comes to a screeching halt. The March on Rome took place on Oct. 22 and last until the 29th of October, 1922. In a time of uncertainty, it was a daring and bold move, and thanks to no intervention by the military on King Emmanuel III’s orders, was a successful one. That week, around 30,000 â€Å"black shirts† assembled and helped bring about the establishment of a new regime, the National Fascist Party. On Oct. 28th, with the King’s blessings, â€Å"Il Duce† assumed all powers as a functioning Prime Minister, and Fascism became a welcome way of living to most Italians. Mussolini would be recognized as his regime slowly but surely took power as a hero to many across Europe at the time and a savior in a sense to his people. As for the Soviets, their rise to power came about as they were being thoroughly and clearly defeated by the Germans on the eastern front in the First World War. †Peace, Land, and Bread† were promised, but the people of Russia and the occupied nations under Soviet control would soon learn otherwise. Military reverses and losses were mounting, and Vladimir Lenin, the coward that he was, made promises that him and his communist state had no intention of following through with. After the treaty was signed, the oppression had to begin immediately to shout down the majority of the populations present complaints. The war began soon between the â€Å"Reds† and the â€Å"Whites†, and the masses suffering at the time of the civil war was only a sample of the taste of what the Soviet people were going to go through in the future. Once Stalin took over, he would over shadow both Hitler and Mussolini in their respective cruelness combined. â€Å"Fascism should rightly be called Corporatism, as it is the merger of corporate and government power. † This is a direct quote from Benito Mussolini, and Fascism more or less lived up to it. The glorious destiny and manifestation of the nation and its peoples were more important than the individual, something that was the extreme opposite of the supposed rights for all individuals of Communism, which purpose was to ensure rights for the factory workers over the factory owners, the poor masses over the rich elite, something that was precarious considering the Soviets were as a majority peasants, who, when coming to power under Lenin or Stalin, now had to watch themselves as any move deemed too right or wrong could get you killed in this backwards, barbaric communist state. As factory workers in a nation such as Fascist Italy, you might be working for less Lira and strikes were out of the question unless you didn’t value your own life, but it was necessary for the resurrection and rebirth of the Roman Empire, which Mussolini tried in earnest to turn Italy from a 2nd rate European Power to a World Power, which he in my opinion succeeded. While the Soviets, especially under Stalin, were also into updating their countries industrialization and economy, at the cost of literally millions of human lives. I’m not trying to say that Italy’s Fascism was a saint, as many thousands were locked away and or perished under Mussolini’s Regime, but literally tens of millions would die for this greater â€Å"communist† cause. While Mussolini was promoting successfully an increased birth rate, the Communist cause was killing people as fast as the bubonic plague. Let me put it this way, Communism protects the individual at the all costs, while Fascism protects the States interests, to the cost and sacrifice of the individual and his rights. And lastly, if Fascism had anything in common with Communism, Mussolini wouldn’t have sent a expeditionary force in with the axis after Operation Barabossa opened up. What was a force of 50,000 was expanded into the 200,000 strong 8th Italian Army, fighting with bravery, valor and even leading the last documented (and successful) cavalry charge against the Soviets on the eastern front. Both nations had intervened for their opposing sides during the Spanish Civil War, the Soviets for the republicans, Fascist clearly for â€Å"Il Caudillo† General Franco and his Nationalists. While both were revolutionist governments with a need for oppression, I admire the Nationalistic aspects of all Fascist regimes in Europe. Not saying that I agree with or condone genocide on any scale commited by Fascism like the Ustasha Regime of Croatia, The Iron Guard of Romania, or the Anti- Jewish laws enforced by Germany or Italy, But they fought with selflessness and sacrificed their lives for their nation, something Americans used to do and believe in, when this liberal change took over I don’t know. But you can bet your life that if this country suffered invasion from China, I’d defend with my life this coast as the Germans had Normandy. Or if we were invaded by Mexico, I’d defend our deserts as the Italian Parachute Division Folgore defended their African positions, to the last man. Bottom line: Communism has more differences than similarities with Fascism. Sources: Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler, and the fall of Italian Fascism, F. W. Deakin Wikipedia. com BrainyQuotes. com The Third Reich: a new history, Michael Burleigh

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy Everyone has their own reasons for choosing a career. Some people make decisions based on the family business or income statistics. In my case, none of the before mentioned explanations apply. My decision making process began after tenth grade, which happened to be the beginning of my Four-H counseling career. At this particular 4-H camp, I was honored to hold the title ‘counselor‘. It is a position that holds power, influence, and respect. Throughout the week, I fulfilled my position by helping numerous children with an array of situations. The campers were taught new camp songs while also shown how to deal with troubling circumstances. The smiling faces at the end of the week proved that the entire staff had been successful. In that one week, I realized that I can make a difference. The feeling of triumph that I felt was incredible; that is the feeling that I want to experience more often. So, why do I want to be a teacher? For one, I have the desire to help others. I want to make students feel like they are someone. I hope to make every child know they can succeed in life. After explaining the cell division process, I am excited to see the look of accomplishment on a child’s face once they finally understand -- that is the feeling of success. As a teacher, I will be given many opportunities to lend that special helping hand. The subject that I have chosen to teach is one that I did not dominate throughout my high school career. That is why I chose the General Science degree. I can relate with the student that is too shy to raise their hand and ask a question. I know what it is like to work a little harder because something does not come naturally. And, most of all, I know how it feels to succeed. That is the feeling that I want everyone to experience. Corresponding with a science degree, I am also pursuing a mathematics degree. I believe that God gives everyone a gift of a natural talent -- this gift should be implemented in life.

Did The Children Of Yesterdays Generation Get Better Parenting Then Todays Children Are Getting

To compare the previous generation with the present generation is unfair. While there may be some truth to the assertions that the moral foundations that have been instilled in the previous generation are degrading, the antecedent facts and circumstances surrounding the two generations are certainly much different. Yesterday’s children are now today’s parents and to assert that the method of parenting has eroded in the span of a single generation is to belittle the heralded parenting that the previous generation has given.To sustain an argument in this line of thinking would be to suggest that the next generation will have even less of a moral foundation than today’s generation. This is hardly the case and nobody would like to see that it will happen. The reason that it may seem this way is because of perception and the significant changes that have occurred in society in such a short period of time. Any generation has a tendency to perceive themselves differentl y from other generations. The line of Stanley reflects this sentiment, â€Å"The world is not the way it used to be when I was growing up.†This thinking may come from the inherent need of people of always compare themselves with others to find out their true identity or it may also be because of the generational identity that forces others to see those not belonging to a certain generation to be different. Whatever the reason is, the fact is that comparisons will always be made between the previous generation and the present generation. This comparison is not only with regard to the moral foundations or upbringing but will extend to other aspects such as successes and failures.There may not really be such a huge difference between the previous generation and the present generation but this is highlighted more by the fact that inter-generational communication has a tendency to create a bigger gap between the two. The problem that this creates is that what the present generatio n perceives as the norm and what they perceive as morally acceptable is different from what the previous generation perceives. What was once considered taboo, such as sex, is now discussed openly and even taught to elementary children.To argue which side of the issue is moral is an impossible task. The line of Natasha shows this when she argues against corporal punishment. â€Å"Who is to say all that corporal punishment back then was the right way to raise kids though? † It is clear that both sides could sooner come to an agreement if there was a better way of communicating with each other. The other reason why it may seem that the children of yesterday received better parenting than today’s generation is because of the rapidly changing world.â€Å"But they are not being raised the same way,† Andy insisted, â€Å"because society won’t allow it. † The point of Andy is well taken and the circumstances are very different now than they were before. Wh en the parents of the previous generation had time enough to spend with their children, today’s generation does not have the same benefit. The difference in the way social interactions occur is also a factor because the present technology allows people to communicate without even seeing each other.This matter accounts for a lot when it comes to parenting because the access that today’s communication technology provides means that children are more open to outside sources or influences than they previously were. Despite all of what is happening, the method of parenting has not changed so radically so as to suggest that yesterday’s generation received better parenting because, as mentioned earlier, the parents of today where yesterday’s children and the methods of parenting that they employ today are but the methods that they themselves learned from their own parents.To apply the mathematical theory of transitivity, if today’s parenting is bad and th e parents today were taught by the previous generation, therefore the previous generation also used bad parenting. As Natasha put it, â€Å"My sister and I used to get whippings all the time. I ended up in college and she ended up in jail. Why did that happen? We should have turned out the same. I never beat my kids when they were growing up, and today they are both straight –A high school students. That’s why that old saying ‘spare the rod and spoil the child never made any sense to me. †It is clear therefore that such is not the case. Every generation not only seeks to raise their children the way that they themselves were raised but they also strive to become better parents than their parents ever were to them. The real issue therefore may not really be that yesterday’s generation received better parenting than the present generation but that there is a reluctance to accept the influence of the societal changes that have taken place as well as th e manner by which technology has radically changed every facet of our lives, even the way parenting is done.The question is not so much whether or not a child should be given a beating or whatever positive reinforcement or method exists but whether or not the problems of the current generation are being addressed. Changing times call for changing methods. Issues once considered taboo may be considered as acceptable under today’s norms and may be even the parenting that was considered as the standard may be considered out of touch with reality for the next generation.

Product Design at Regal Marine

VIDEO CASE STUDY PRODUCT DESIGN AT REGAL MARINE The 7-minute video available from Prentice Hall, filmed specifically for this text, supplements the written case. 1.? The concept of product life cycle applies to Regal Marine because Regal is constantly under pressure to introduce new prod-ucts—and those products have life cycles of relatively few years. As the video suggests, it is a matter of typically less than five years before a boat is out of style and its life cycle terminated. This is a long life cycle compared to a newspaper or magazine, but if you are the production manager it seems rather short. 2.? Regal Marine uses a strategy of product differentiation, which constantly introduces new products with new innovations and new styling to stay competitive in the luxury performance boat market. 3.? The cost and time saving at Regal Marine through use of CAD is typical of the use of CAD everywhere. It allows a variety of designs and styles to be tested very economically. The ratio of savings of engineering talent is about four to one. Most important-ly, it allows them to be creative economically and rapidly. 4.? The payoff from CAD is not only evident in efficiency, crea-tive designs, and styling but by production of the code necessary for the numerical machines, such as the machines used to make the plugs in Washington state and for those applications of the numerical control machines at Regal Marine. CAD also provides, as a by-product, very effective and comprehensive documentation of design variables.

The Medias Role in Watergate essays

The Media's Role in Watergate essays In the American Democracy it is vital for our right to freedom of press to be put into full throttle. Without the press, the society would be clueless and blind of Washington's dealings and business. The press informs the public, for better or worse, about what really goes on in Washington. But during the Watergate Scandal, the press coverage of the scandal demonstrated some of the best and the worst aspects of the way the American press covers the presidency. Richard Nixon despised the press. From the days when he was Vice President and Governor, he had no trust for the press. Even when he used the press for his advantage to expose, what he believed to be, Communist influences in America, he feared the press. Though Nixon had won the endorsement of many newspapers during the 1960 Presidential Campaign, Nixon still thought ill of the press and believed them to be unfair to him. Nixon became even more bitter in 1962 after he lost the election to be governor of California. Nixon bitterly claimed that they wouldn't have Richard Nixon to "kick around anymore". He had retired from politics but that was short lived as he became president in 1968, but even then, Nixon remained careful of the press, fearful that they would leak and expose secrets. He was so scared that he had tapped prominent Washington reporters and official's telephones that he feared would leak information. Within days after the Watergate break in, there were reason to believe that the burglars had connections with the White House highest powers. Despite the sensational revelations, many of the press lost interest in the story very quickly. Most the press accepted the claim of the White House Press Secretary that the incident was "third-rate burglary". Though the Washington Post covered the story, the Post was not thrilled with the story at first. They assigned two relatively ...

Electrophoresis Definition and Explanation

Electrophoresis Definition and Explanation Electrophoresis is the term used to describe the motion of particles in a gel or fluid within a relatively uniform electric field. Electrophoresis may be used to separate molecules based on charge,  size, and binding affinity. The technique  is mainly applied to separate and analyze biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, nucleic acids, plasmids, and  fragments of these macromolecules. Electrophoresis is one of the techniques used to identify source DNA, as in paternity testing and forensic science. Electrophoresis of anions or negatively charged particles is called anaphoresis. Electrophoresis of cations or positively charged particles is called cataphoresis. Electrophoresis was first observed in 1807 by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss of Moscow State University, who noticed clay particles migrated in water subjected to a continuous electric field. Key Takeaways: Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules in a gel or fluid using an electric field.The rate and direction of particle movement in the electric field depends on the molecules size and electric charge.Usually electrophoresis is used to separate macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. How Electrophoresis Works In electrophoresis, there are two primary factors that control how quickly a particle can move and in what direction. First, the charge on the sample matters. Negatively charged species are attracted to the positive pole of an electric field, while positively charged species are attracted to the negative end. A neutral species may be ionized if the field is strong enough. Otherwise, it doesnt tend to be affected. The other factor is particle size. Small ions and molecules can move through a gel or liquid much more quickly than larger ones. While a charged particle is attracted to an opposite charge in an electric field, there are other forces that affect how a molecule moves. Friction and the electrostatic retardation force slow the progress of particles through the fluid or gel. In the case of gel electrophoresis, the concentration of the gel can be controlled to determine the pore size of the gel matrix, which influences mobility. A liquid buffer is also present, which controls the pH of the environment. As molecules are pulled through a liquid or gel, the medium heats up. This can denature the molecules as well as affect the rate of movement. The voltage is controlled to try to minimize the time required to separate molecules, while maintaining a good separation and keeping the chemical species intact. Sometimes electrophoresis is performed in a refrigerator to help compensate for the heat. Types of Electrophoresis Electrophoresis encompasses several related analytical techniques. Examples include: affinity electrophoresis - Affinity electrophoresis is a type of electrophoresis in which particles are separated based on complex formation or biospecific interactioncapillary electrophoresis - Capillary electrophoresis is a  type of electrophoresis used to separate ions depending mainly on the atomic radius, charge, and viscosity. As the name suggests, this technique is commonly performed in a glass tube. It yields quick results and a high resolution separation.gel electrophoresis - Gel electrophoresis is a  widely used type of electrophoresis in which molecules are separated by movement through a porous gel under the influence of an electrical field. The two main gel materials are agarose and polyacrylamide. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), nucleic acid fragments, and proteins.immunoelectrophoresis - Immunoelectrophoresis is the general name given to a variety of electrophoretic techniques used to characterize and separate proteins based on their reaction to antibodies. electroblotting - Electroblotting is a technique used to recover nucleic acids or proteins following electrophoresis by transferring them onto a membrane. The polymers polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or nitrocellulose are commonly used. Once the specimen has been recovered, it can be further analyzed using stains or probes. A western blot is one form of electroblotting used to detect specific proteins using artificial antibodies.pulsed-field gel electrophoresis - Pulsed-field electrophoresis is used to separate macromolecules, such as DNA, by periodically changing the direction of the electric field applied to a gel matrix. The reason the electric field is changed is because traditional gel electrophoresis is unable to efficiently separate very large molecules that all tend to migrate together. Changing the direction of the electric field gives the molecules additional directions to travel, so they have a path through the gel. The voltage is generally switched between three directions : one running along the axis of the gel and two at 60 degrees to either side. Although the process takes longer than traditional gel electrophoresis, its better at separating large pieces of DNA. isoelectric focusing - Isoelectric focusing (IEF or electrofocusing) is a form of electrophoresis that separates molecules based on different isoelectric points. IEF is most often performed on proteins because their electrical charge depends on pH.

Economics in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics in Context - Essay Example There is an overall increase in the price and quantity. ‘if the price of a complementary good increases then the demand for the good will fall. This will result in a leftward shift in the demand curve of any complementary good’(Biz/ed team 2010, Spotlight on the theory: Demand Curve, Movements) Obligation to follow fair trade policies has resulted in increased cost of production, thereby causing a decrease in supply as producers shift to other activities. This translates into a higher quantity at a lower price. The elasticity of demand price is becoming more inelastic for tea. This can be explained by the fact that rising tea prices have not deterred tea demand and have been accompanied by increased tea demand. Tea is a stable drink in the diets of many and is catching on in many countries like China and it has relatively few alternatives (only real one being coffee) which makes the demand inelastic. Another reason for the inelastic demand is that tea consumes a low percentage of the consumer’s income making them less sensitive to its price changes.(Price of Tea, Economics Help). This seems unlikely but an exception might exist for consumers who treat teas as a luxury, their demand would be price-elastic. The elasticity of supply price would tend to be inelastic. This is because although an increase in price should create more incentive for suppliers statistics show that this has not happened at least in the short run. At the moment for example supply is being outstripped by demand. Also irrigation, weather conditions and land shortages make it hard to increase tea production.( Rahman Lutfur Mohammad ‘Imapct of price and other factors on tea in Bangladesh: Sources of variation and Disparity over Vision) In the long run however supply is likely to respond to the tea pressure. It has been estimated by the FAO that supply will